Singkat mengenai Bahasa Israel (bahasa orang Yahudi)

Alphabet

The Hebrew alphabet consists entirely of consonants, though some can function as vowels. Vowels are indicated with a system of dots and dashes next to the letters, but these are usually omitted except in Bibles and children's books. It is common for words, especially foreign words, to be spelled in more than one way; the Abu'l`afia Synagogue has five different spellings of its name on its signs.

The accent is usually on the last syllable; most of the exceptions are segolates (words in which segol, the e-sound, was inserted after the accent), such as elef "thousand". Some words have a diphthong "ua" or "ia" which is one syllable but sounds like two, like English "oil". This is called pattach gnubah "stolen a-sound" and occurs in shavua "week", which is accented on the "u".

Five letters (מנצפכ) have a different form at the end of a word (םןץףך, respectively). These are named by adding סופית (so-FEET) "final" to the name of the letter, e.g. נון סופית.

א aleph

glottal stop or silent ('sometimes used as the letter a when rendering English in Hebrew')

ב beth

like bear or maven ג gimel

like gone ד daleth

like dude ה he

like harp; silent at the end of a word, unless it has a dot in it ו vav

like violin; also or or tune when used as a vowel ז zayin

like zany ח cheth

voiceless gargle, i.e. like the scotish loch ט teth

like tuck י yod

like yet; also say or honey when used as a vowel כ ך kaph

like keep, or halfway between keep and heap ל lamedh

like leave מ ם mem

like mother נ ן nun

like never ס samekh

like some ע ayin

constriction of the throat, but you can just say ', though there are some minimal pairs פ ף pe

like upon or loofa צ ץ tsadi

like boots ק qoph

like coo, but further back in the throat ר resh

voiced gargle as in French ש sin, shin

like shoot or seem ת tav

like teeth; in some dialects sometimes like juice or teeth

Basics

Hello.

שלום. (shah-LOHM)

Bye.

שלום. (shah-LOHM) See you later.

להתראות. (leh-hit-rah-'OHT) Good morning.

בוקר טוב (BOH-ker TOHV) Good afternoon.

צהריים טובים (tsoh-hoh-RAH-yeem toh-VEEM) Good evening.

ערב טוב (EH-rev TOHV) Good night.

לילה טוב (LIGH-lah TOHV) How are you? (addressing to a man).

‫מה שלומך? (mah shlom-KHAH) How are you? (addressing to a woman).

‫מה שלומך? (mah shloh-MEKH) How are you? (What's new?).

‫מה נשמע? (mah nish-MAH) Thank you.

תודה (toh-DAH) Please.

בבקשה (be-vah-kuh-SHAH) Excuse me.

סליחה (slee-KHAH) I don't understand. (a man).

אני לא מבין (ahni loh meh-VEEN) I don't understand. (a woman).

אני לא מבינה (ahni loh meh-VEENA)

Problems

I

אני (ah-NEE)

You (singular, masc.)

אתה (ah-TAH) You (singular, fem.)

את (aht) He

הוא (hoo) She

היא (hee) We

אנחנו (ah-NAKH-noo) You (plural, masc.)

אתם (ah-TEM) You (plural, fem.)

אתן (ah-TEN) They (plural, masc.)

הם (hem) They (plural, fem.)

הן (hen)

Questions

Who?

‫מי? (mee)

Where is ...?

‫איפה? (ey-FOH) Where to?

‫לאן? (leh-AH-n) Where from?

‫מאיפה\מאין? (mee-ey-FOH/meh-Ah-een) Why?

‫למה? (lah-MAH), ‫מדוע? (mah-DOOah) How much?

‫כמה? (kah-MAH) Do you speak English? (When speaking to a male)

‫אתה מדבר אנגלית? (ah-TAH meh-dah-BEHR ahn-GLEET?) Do you speak English? (When speaking to a female)

‫את מדברת אנגלית? (aht meh-dah-BEH-ret ahn-GLEET?)

Numbers

0

אפס (EH-fess)

1

אחת (ah-KHAT) 2

שתיים (SHTAH-yeem) 3

שלש (shah-LOSH) 4

ארבע (AHR-bah) 5

חמש (khah-MESH) 6

שש (shesh) 7

שבע (SHEH-vah) 8

שמונה (shmo-NEH) 9

תשע (TEY-shah) 10

עשר (EH-sehr) 11

אחת עשרה (ah-khat es-REH) 12

שתים עשרה (shtem es-REH) 13

שלוש עשרה (shlosh es-REH) 14

ארבע עשרה (ar-bah es-REH) 15

חמש עשרה (kha-mesh es-REH) 16

שש עשרה (shesh es-REH) 17

שבע עשרה (shva es-REH) 18

שמונה עשרה (shmo-nah es-REH) 19

תשע עשרה (tshah es-REH) 20

עשרים (es-REEM) 25

עשרים וחמש (es-REEM ve-khah-MESH) 30

שלשים (shlo-SHEEM) 40

ארבעים (ar-bah-EEM) 50

חמשים (khah-mee-SHEEM) 60

ששים (shee-SHEEM) 70

שבעים (shiv-EEM) 80

שמונים (shmo-NEEM) 90

תשעים (tish-EEM)

100

מאה (MEH-'ah) 200

מאתיים (m'ah-TAH-yeem) 300

שלש מאות (sh-LOSH meh-'OHT) 1000

אלף (EH-lef) 1%

אחוז (ah-KHOOZ ah-KHAD) 5%

חמישה אחוזים (kha-misha ah-KHOOZIM) 100%

מאה אחוז (MEH-'ah ah-KHOOZ) Half

חצי (KHE-tsee) Quarter

רבע (REH-vah) More

יותר (yoh-TEHR) Less

פחות (pah-KHOHT)

Time

Today

היום (hah-YOHM)

Yesterday

אתמול (et-MOHL) Tomorrow

מחר (mah-KHAHR) The day before yesterday

שלשום (shil-SHOHM) The day after tomorrow

מחרתיים (makh-rah-TAH-yeem)

Days

Except for Shabbat, these are ordinal numbers. But both these and the names of the first 6 letters in the Hebrew Alfa-Beit are used.

Sunday

יום ראשון (yohm ree-SHOHN)

Monday

יום שני (yohm shey-NEE) Tuesday

יום שלישי (yohm shlee-SHEE) Wednesday

יום רביעי (yohm rvee-EE) Thursday

יום חמישי (yohm khah-mee-SHEE) Friday

יום ששי (yohm shee-SHEE) Saturday

שבת (shah-BAHT)

Colors

black

שחור (sha-KHOR)

white

לבן (la-VAN) gray

אפור (a-FOR) red

אדום (a-DOM) blue

כחול (ka-KHOL) yellow

צהוב (tza-HOV) green

ירוק (ya-ROK) orange

כתום (ka-TOM) purple

סגול (sa-GOL) brown

חום (khum)

Transportation

How much is a ticket to _____?

כמה עולה כרטיס ל (KA-ma `oLE karTIS le___?)

One ticket to _____, please.

כרטיס אחד ל___, בבקשה (karTIS eKHAD le___, bevakaSHA) Where does this train/bus go?

לאן הרכבת הזאת נוסעת?/לאן האוטובוס הזה נוסע (leAN haraKEvet haZOT noSA`at?/leAN haOtobus haZE noSEa?) Where is the train/bus to _____?

איפה הרכבת ל___?/איפה האוטובוס ל (EIfo haraKEvet le___?/EIfo haOtobus le___?) Does this train/bus stop in _____?

הרכבת הזאת עוצרת ב___?/האוטובוס הזה עוצר ב(haraKEvet haZOT oTZEret be___?/haOtobus haZE oTZER be___?) When does the train/bus for _____ leave?

מתי יוצאת הרכבת ל___?/מתי יוצא האוטובוס ל (maTAI yoTZET haraKEvet le___?/maTAI yoTZE haOtobus le___?) When will this train/bus arrive in _____?

מתי הרכבת הזאת מגיעה ל___?/מתי האוטובוס הזה מגיע ל (maTAI haraKEvet haZOT magi`A le___?/maTAI haOtobus haZE magi`A le___?)

Directions

How do I get to _____ ?

איך אני מגיע/ה ל (eikh aNI maGI`a/magi`A(f) le___?)

...the train station?

תחנת הרכבת (takhaNAT haraKEvet) ...the bus station?

תחנת האוטובוס (takhaNAT haOtobus) ...the airport?

שדה התעופה (sde hateuFA) ...downtown?

מרכז העיר (merKAZ ha`IR) ...the youth hostel?

אכסניית נוער (akhsaniYAT NO`ar) ...the _____ hotel?

מלון (maLON ___?) ...the Chinese/Indian/Russian/Polish consulate?

קונסוליה ה סינית/הודית/רוסית/פולנית (conSULia ha SInit/HOdit/ruSIT/polaNIT?) Where are there a lot of...

איפה יש הרבה (EIfo yesh harBE...) ...hotels?

מלונות (meloNOT) ...restaurants?

מסעדות (mis`aDOT) ...bars?

ברים (BArim) ...things to see?

דברים לראות (dvaRIM lirOT) Can you show me on the map?

אתה יכול להראות לי במפה (aTA yaKHOL leharOT li bamaPA) street

רחוב(reKHOV) Go left.

לך שמאלה (lekh SMOla) GO right.

לך ימינה (lekh yaMIna) left

שמאל (smol) right

ימין (yaMIN) straight ahead

ישר (yaSHAR) towards the _____

לכיוון (lekiVUN) past the _____

אחרי (akhaREY) before the _____

לפני (lifNEY) Watch for the _____.

חפש את ה (khaPES et ha___) intersection

צומת (TZOmet) north

צפון (tzaFON) south

דרום (daROM) east

מזרח (mizRAKH) west

מערב (ma`aRAV) uphill

למעלה (leMA`la) downhill

למטה (leMAta)

Taxi

Taxi!

מונית (moNIT!)

Take me to _____, please.

קח אותי ל____, בבקשה (kakh oTI le___, bevakaSHA) How much does it cost to get to _____?

כמה זה עולה עד ל (KAma ze `oLE `ad le___) Take me there, please.

קח אותי לשם בבקשה (kakh oTI leSHAM, bevakaSHA)